Kohl Eyeliner Pencil - Black

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Li-Yun C, Wen H, Jian-Feng H and Jian-Peng W (2008). "Influence of deposition voltage on properties of lead sulfide thin film". American Ceramic Society Bulletin, 87(6): 9101–9104 Swain, Simon, ed. (2007). Seeing the Face, Seeing the Soul: Polemon's Physiognomy from Classical Antiquity to Medieval Islam. Oxford University Press. p.277. ISBN 978-0199291533. Mohta, Anup (2010). "Kajal (Kohl) – A dangerous cosmetic". Oman Journal of Ophthalmology. 3 (2): 100–101. doi: 10.4103/0974-620X.64242. ISSN 0974-620X. PMC 3003848. PMID 21217909. So important was its use in ancient Egypt that containers of kohl, along with various instruments for its preparation and application, were buried alongside the dead. This clearly shows just how essential kohl was in daily life but also in the afterlife, which indicated that it had important religious functions. Kohl was associated with the deities Horus, Ra and Hathor and was regularly used in ritual. Egyptians also exaggerated their eyes with bold liner in veneration of the gods, as they believed it possessed magical properties in providing protection from diseases and warded off the Evil Eye (Tapsoba et al. 2010, 457; Illes n.d., 2). Medicinal Benefits Parry C, Eaton J (August 1991). "Kohl: a lead-hazardous eye makeup from the Third World to the First World". Environmental Health Perspectives (94): 121–123.

Though it will depend on the aesthetic you want to achieve, there a few basic rules to follow if you're new to liquid eyeliner application. 'First up, always look straight on into the mirror with your eyes open when mapping out liner. This way, you can see what the final liner will look like rather than the look being distorted,' says Jamie Genevieve, founder of Vieve. Kohl has been worn traditionally since the Naqada III era (c. 3100 BCE) by Egyptians of all social classes, originally as protection against eye ailments. [4] [5] There was also a belief that darkening around the eyes would protect one from the harsh rays of the sun. [6] Ancient Egyptian women wearing kohl, from a tomb mural in Thebes (1420–1375 BCE)Though these magical benefits of kohl may seem irrational to us today, these protective qualities are fully supported by recent studies of the various ingredients found in kohl. Egyptians faced many health issues that effected the eyes; from dust from the desert, to insects and bacteria from the flooding of the Nile, diseases such as conjunctivitis, cataract, trachoma and trichiasis played the population. The proscription of kohl to treat and prevent these illnesses can be found extremely early on in the Ebers papyrus, but were ancient physicians correct to think kohl could heal them? These banned products are different from lead-free cosmetics that use the term "kohl" only to describe its shade or color, rather than its actual ingredients. Some modern eye cosmetics are marketed as "kohl", but are prepared differently and in accordance with relevant health standards. al-Hazzaa SA, Krahn PM (1995). "Kohl: a hazardous eyeliner". International Ophthalmology. 19 (2): 83–88. doi: 10.1007/BF00133177. PMID 8586501. S2CID 33603176. Kohl, Kajal, Al-Kahal, Surma, Tiro, Tozali, or Kwalli: By Any Name, Beware of Lead Poisoning". Food and Drug Administration . Retrieved 2017-10-26.

Not in the traditional sense, but it is a good idea to replace any pencil eyeliner after about a year of use, or sooner if you have any kind of eye infection. Further information: Antimony §Etymology Ancient kohl cosmetic tube from western Iran, dated 800–500 BCEA Tamil woman applying kohl on her son in India Traditional kohl (kaajal) container in silver in South India Rahbar MH, White F, Agboatwalla M, Hozhbari S, Luby S (2002). "Factors associated with elevated blood lead concentrations in children in Karachi, Pakistan". Bulletin of the World Health Organization. 80 (10): 769–775. PMC 2567650. PMID 12471396. If you’re on the search for a formula that simply will not budge, your best bet is to opt for a waterproof liner. Similar to that of your waterproof mascara, these products ensure maximum staying power when opting for a graphic line or bold winged look; plus, ink and liquid liners will offer more pigment.

Eyeliner has seen a boom over the last few months. Development in new formulas means liners are no longer just designed for inner eye usage: modern liners give users the ability to create endless options using a simple eyeliner,' agrees MAC National Artist, Carly Utting. Isaac, Michael (2004). A Historical Atlas of Oman. Rosen. p.14. ISBN 978-0823945009 . Retrieved 5 September 2014.a b c d e f g h i Hardy A, Walton R, Vaishnav R (February 2004). "Composition of eye cosmetics (kohls) used in Cairo". International Journal of Environmental Health Research. 14 (1): 83–91. Another tip is to use a cool brown eyeshadow to map out where you want your winged liner to go whilst keeping your eyes open. For a more natural look, you can just keep it like this and add mascara,' she adds. You might also see a formula labeled as ​​”kajal,” which celebrity makeup artist Jamie Greenberg notes is essentially the same as kohl. The two terms are used interchangeably to indicate that the pencil in question has the silky, easy-to-smudge texture you're after. Sergew Hable Selassie, Ancient and medieval Ethiopian history to 1270, (Printed by United Printers: 1972), p.26. Romy Soleimani is a New York City-based makeup artist who often works with Tracee Ellis Ross, Natalie Portman, and Jessica Chastain.

Ophthalmology of the Pharaohs: Antimicrobial Kohl Eyeliner in Ancient Egypt". Discover . Retrieved 2021-12-05. Al-Saleh I, Nester M, DeVol E, Shinwari N, Al-Shahria S (April–June 1999). "Determinants of blood lead levels in Saudi Arabian schoolgirls". International Journal of Environmental Health. 5 (2): 107–114. doi: 10.1179/oeh.1999.5.2.107. PMID 10330510. For decades, various conflicting reports in the literature have been published relating to kohl application to eyes being responsible for causing higher blood lead concentration, which may cause lead poisoning. At the same time, a number of research studies and reports have also been published refuting any such links with increased blood lead level upon kohl (surma) application. [22] Kreston, Rebecca (April 20, 2012). "Ophthalmology of the Pharaohs: Antimicrobial Kohl Eyeliner in Ancient Egypt". Body Horrors. Discover.Pencil: Typically creamier and easier to blend, pencil eyeliners work wonders when it comes to creating a smokey eye or blending out at the crease of the eye. You can also use pencils on your waterline to create more definition. Berber and Semitic-speaking women in North Africa and the Middle East, respectively, also apply kohl to their faces. A vertical line is drawn from the bottom lip to the chin and along the bridge of the nose. Originally the line from the bottom lip to the chin showed whether a woman was married or not. This form of using kohl on the face originated from the Arabian Peninsula, and was introduced in the seventh century in North Africa. [15] Mahmood ZA, Zoha SM, Usmanghani K, Hasan MM, Ali O, Jahan S, Saeed A, Zaihd R, Zubair M, Pak (January 2009). "Kohl (surma): retrospect and prospect". Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences. 22 (1): 107–122. PMID 19168431. The content of kohl and the recipes to prepare it vary greatly. In North Africa and Middle East, homemade kohl is often made by grinding galena ( lead sulfide). Western manufacturers use amorphous carbon or organic charcoal instead of lead. Plant oils and the soot from various nuts, seeds, and gum resins are often added to the carbon powder. The non-lead products are considered to be of inferior quality to the older, traditional varieties and therefore there has been an increase in the use of handmade, lead-based kohl.